Cancer
Critical Findings -
Lycopene Supplementation and Disease Risk
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: breast | Voskuil DW | Effects of lycopene on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in premenopausal breast cancer survivors and women at high familial breast cancer risk. Voskuil DW, Vrieling A, Korse CM, Beijnen JH, Bonfrer JM, van Doorn J, Kaas R, Oldenburg HS, Russell NS, Rutgers EJ, Verhoef S, van Leeuwen FE, van't Veer LJ, Rookus MA. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(3):342-53. |
2008 | Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important growth factor associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial to evaluate whether tomato-derived lycopene supplementation (30 mg/day for 2 mo) decreases serum levels of total IGF-I in premenopausal women with 1) a history of breast cancer (n=24) or 2) a high familial breast cancer risk (n=36). Also, IGF binding protein (IGFBP) increasing effects were evaluated. Lycopene supplementation did not significantly alter serum total IGF-I and other IGF system components in the 2 study populations combined. However, statistically significant discordant results were observed between the 2 study populations (i.e., P<0.05 for total IGF-I, free IGF-I, and IGFBP-3). Total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were increased in the breast cancer survivor population [total IGF-I=7.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI)= -0.2 to 14.3%; IGFBP-3=3.3%, 95% CI=0.7-6.0%), and free IGF-I was decreased in the family history population (-7.6%, 95% CI= -14.6 to -0.6%). This randomized controlled trial shows that 2 mo of lycopene supplementation has no effect on serum total IGF-I in the overall study population. However, lycopene effects were discordant between the 2 study populations showing beneficial effects in high-risk healthy women but not in breast cancer survivors. | RCT | N/(-) N in survivors IGF-1 ~~~~~ (-) may |
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| Cancer: colorectal | Walfisch S | Tomato lycopene extract supplementation decreases insulin-like growth factor-I levels in colon cancer patients. Walfisch S, Walfisch Y, Kirilov E, Linde N, Mnitentag H, Agbaria R, Sharoni Y, Levy J. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2007 Aug;16(4):298-303. |
2007 | Epidemiological studies have shown that high serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I are associated with an increased risk of colon and other types of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether short intervention with dietary tomato lycopene extract will affect serum levels of the insulin-like growth factor system components in colon cancer patients. The study had a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Colon cancer patients (n=56), candidates for colectomy, were recruited from the local community a few days to a few weeks before surgery. Personal and medical data were recorded. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and II and insulin-like growth factor-I-binding protein-3 were assayed by routine laboratory methods. Lycopene was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma lycopene levels increased by twofold after supplementation with tomato lycopene extract. In the placebo-treated group, there was a small nonsignificant increase in lycopene plasma levels. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I decreased significantly by about 25% after tomato lycopene extract supplementation as compared with the placebo-treated group (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in insulin-like growth factor-I-binding protein-3 or insulin-like growth factor-II, whereas the insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin-like growth factor-I-binding protein-3 molar ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05). Given that high plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I have been suggested as a risk factor for various types of cancer including colon cancer, the results support our suggestion that tomato lycopene extract has a role in the prevention of colon and possibly other types of cancer. | RCT | (-)/N (-) ↓ IGF-1 ~~~~~ N IGF-II & |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: colorectal | Vrieling A | Lycopene supplementation elevates circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and -2 concentrations in persons at greater risk of colorectal cancer. Vrieling A, Voskuil DW, Bonfrer JM, Korse CM, van Doorn J, Cats A, Depla AC, Timmer R, Witteman BJ, van Leeuwen FE, Van't Veer LJ, Rookus MA, Kampman E. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1456-62. |
2007 | BACKGROUND: Higher circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations have been related to a greater risk of cancer. Lycopene intake is inversely associated with cancer risk, and experimental studies have shown that it may affect the IGF system, possibly through an effect on IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of an 8-wk supplementation with tomato-derived lycopene (30 mg/d) on serum concentrations of total IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3. DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study in 40 men and 31 postmenopausal women with a family history of colorectal cancer, a personal history of colorectal adenoma, or both. RESULTS: Lycopene supplementation significantly (P = 0.01) increased serum IGFBP-1 concentrations in women (median relative difference between serum IGFBP-1 concentrations after lycopene supplementation and after placebo, 21.7%). Serum IGFBP-2 concentrations were higher in both men and women after lycopene supplementation than after placebo, but to a lesser extent (mean relative difference 8.2%; 95% CI: 0.7%, 15.6% in men and 7.8%; 95% CI: -5.0%, 20.6% in women). Total IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were not significantly altered by lycopene supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study known to show that lycopene supplementation may increase circulating IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 concentrations. Because of high interindividual variations in IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 effects, these results should be confirmed in larger randomized intervention studies. | RCT | (-)/N (-) ↑ IGFPB-1 IGFBP-2 ~~~~~ IGF-1 IGF-II IGFBP-3 |
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| Cancer: prostate | Jatoi A | A tomato-based, lycopene-containing intervention for androgen-independent prostate cancer: results of a Phase II study from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Jatoi A, Burch P, Hillman D, Vanyo JM, Dakhil S, Nikcevich D, Rowland K, Morton R, Flynn PJ, Young C, Tan W; North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Urology. 2007 Feb;69(2):289-94. |
2007 | OBJECTIVES: Tomatoes are rich in lycopene. This study explored the efficacy of a lycopene-rich tomato product in androgen-independent prostate cancer and the reasons patients participated in an "alternative medicine" study. METHODS: This Phase II study evaluated 46 patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. All were asymptomatic and had serum prostate-specific antigen elevation despite hormonal manipulation. All patients completed a questionnaire on their motivations for enrolling in an "alternative medicine" study. Patients were prescribed a lycopene-rich tomato supplement at a lycopene dose of 15 mg twice daily. RESULTS: One patient manifested a tumor response with a 50% or greater confirmed decline in serum prostate-specific antigen level, yielding a response rate of 2%. Lycopene was well tolerated, but 1 patient died of a cancer-related hemorrhage, and 1 had grade 4 diarrhea. Grade 1 or 2 events included diarrhea in 18, nausea in 12, abdominal distension in 8, flatulence in 2, vomiting in 2, anorexia in 1, and dyspepsia in 1. The reasons for entering the trial are discussed and were overall positive. CONCLUSIONS: Lycopene, as prescribed in our study, did not appear effective for androgen-independent prostate cancer. The patients' reasons for enrolling in this trial were positive and realistic. |
Interv | N |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: prostate | Schwenke C | Lycopene for advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer: a prospective, open phase II pilot study. Schwenke C, Ubrig B, Tharmann P, Eggersmann C, Roth S. J Urol. 2009 Mar;181(3):1098-103. Epub 2009 Jan 15. |
2009 | PURPOSE: We investigated the influence of lycopene on the clinical and laboratory course in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer. To our knowledge this study represents the first time that subjective assessments of the course of therapy have been recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, open phase II pilot study, in which patients with progressive hormone refractory prostate cancer were included. Lycopene supplementation (15 mg) was given daily for 6 months. Followup laboratory tests and clinical examinations were done monthly. Changes to analgesic use and quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30) were measured. The study end point was a significant change in serum prostate specific antigen, clinical progression or the end of the 6-month observation period. RESULTS: A total of 18 patients 64 to 85 years old (median age 73) were enrolled in the study during a 20-month period, of whom 17 could be analyzed. Five of the 17 patients (29%) withdrew from the study prematurely, including 4 of 5 because of prostate specific antigen progression and/or tumor associated complications, and 1 due to an allergic reaction to lycopene. Median prostate specific antigen doubled in 6 months from 42.7 ng/ml (range 13.8 to 521.6) in 17 patients to 96.4 ng/ml (range 13.5 to 1,240) in 12. Stable prostate specific antigen was observed in 5 of 17 patients (29%). None of the patients had a greater than 50% decrease in prostate specific antigen. Patients experienced a slight deterioration in mean health status at the end of the study compared to the outset. However, two-thirds of the patients experienced an improved or unchanged situation regardless of the clinical and biochemical course. CONCLUSIONS: No clinically relevant benefits were shown for patients with advanced stages of the disease. |
Interv | N no benefits for those with advanced disease state |
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| Cancer: prostate | Kristal AR | Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Schenk JM, Neuhouser ML, Goodman P, Penson DF, Thompson IM. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Apr 15;167(8):925-34. Epub 2008 Feb 7. |
2008 | This study examined dietary risk factors for incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 4,770 Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (1994-2003) placebo-arm participants who were free of BPH at baseline. BPH was assessed over 7 years and was defined as medical or surgical treatment or repeated elevation (>14) on the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. Diet, alcohol, and supplement use were assessed by use of a food frequency questionnaire. There were 876 incident BPH cases (33.6/1,000 person-years). The hazard ratios for the contrasts of the highest to lowest quintiles increased 31% for total fat and 27% for polyunsaturated fat and decreased 15% for protein (all p(trend) < 0.05). The risk was significantly lower in high consumers of alcoholic beverages (0 vs. > or =2/day: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67) and vegetables (<1 vs. > or =4/day: HR = 0.68) and higher in daily (vs. <1/week) consumers of red meat (HR = 1.38). There were no associations of supplemental antioxidants with risk, and there was weak evidence for associations of lycopene, zinc, and s upplemental vitamin D with reduced risk. A diet low in fat and red meat and high in protein and vegetables, as well as regular alcohol consumption, may reduce the risk of symptomatic BPH. | PC | N PBH |
use of supplements |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: prostate | Kucuk O | Phase II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical prostatectomy. Kucuk O, Sarkar FH, Sakr W, Djuric Z, Pollak MN, Khachik F, Li YW, Banerjee M, Grignon D, Bertram JS, Crissman JD, Pontes EJ, Wood DP Jr. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Aug;10(8):861-8. |
2001 | An inverse association has been observed between dietary intake of lycopene and the risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with prostate cancer. Twenty-six men with newly diagnosed, clinically localized (14 T(1) and 12 T(2)) prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive 15 mg of lycopene (n = 15) twice daily or no supplementation (n = 11) for 3 weeks before radical prostatectomy. Biomarkers of differentiation and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot analysis on benign and maligncts in the intervention group and in 11 (100%) subjects in the control group (P = 0.05). Plasma prostate-specific antigen levels decreased by 18% in the intervention group, whereas they increased by 14% in the control group (P = 0ant parts of the prostate gland. Prostatectomy specimens were entirely embedded, step-sectioned, and evaluated for pathological stage, Gleason score, volume of cancer, and extent of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Plasma levels of lycopene, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3, and prostate-specific antigen were measured at baseline and after 3 weeks of supplementation or observation. Eleven (73%) subjects in the intervention group and two (18%) subjects in the control group had no involvement of surgical margins and/or extra-prostatic tissues with cancer (P = 0.02). Twelve (84%) subjects in the lycopene group and five (45%) subjects in the control group had tumors <4 ml in size (P = 0.22). Diffuse involvement of the prostate by high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 10 (67%) subje.25). Expression of connexin 43 in cancerous prostate tissue was 0.63 +/- 0.19 absorbance in the lycopene group compared with 0.25 +/- 0.08 in the control group (P = 0.13). Expression of bcl-2 and bax did not differ significantly between the two study groups. IGF-1 levels decreased in both groups (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The results suggest that lycopene supplementation may decrease the growth of prostate cancer. However, no firm conclusions can be drawn at this time because of the small sample size. | RCT | (-) PSA N other markers |
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| Cancer: prostate | Kucuk O | Effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized prostate cancer. Kucuk O, Sarkar FH, Djuric Z, Sakr W, Pollak MN, Khachik F, Banerjee M, Bertram JS, Wood DP Jr. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002 Nov;227(10):881-5. |
2002 | Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between dietary intake of lycopene and prostate cancer risk. We conducted a clinical trial to investigate the biological and clinical effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized prostate cancer. Twenty-six men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive a tomato oleoresin extract containing 30 mg of lycopene (n = 15) or no supplementation (n = 11) for 3 weeks before radical prostatectomy. Biomarkers of cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot analysis in benign and cancerous prostate tissues. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA oxidation product 5-hydroxymethyl-deoxyuridine (5-OH-mdU). Usual dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Prostatectomy specimens were evaluated for pathologic stage, Gleason score, volume of cancer, and extent of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Plasma levels of lycopene, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and prostate-specific antigen were measured at baseline and after 3 weeks of supplementation or observation. After intervention, subjects in the intervention group had smaller tumors (80% vs 45%, less than 4 ml), less involvement of surgical margins and/or extra-prostatic tissues with cancer (73% vs 18%, organ-confined disease), and less diffuse involvement of the prostate by high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (33% vs 0%, focal involvement) compared with subjects in the control group. Mean plasma prostate-specific antigen levels were lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. This pilot study suggests that lycopene may have beneficial effects in prostate cancer. Larger clinical trials are warranted to investigate the potential preventive and/or therapeutic role of lycopene in prostate cancer. | RCT | (-) |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, | F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: prostate | Clark PE | Phase I-II prospective dose-escalating trial of lycopene in patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after definitive local therapy. Clark PE, Hall MC, Borden LS Jr, Miller AA, Hu JJ, Lee WR, Stindt D, D'Agostino R Jr, Lovato J, Harmon M, Torti FM. Urology. 2006 Jun;67(6):1257-61. |
2006 | OBJECTIVES: To report a prospective trial of lycopene supplementation in biochemically relapsed prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 36 men with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer were enrolled in a dose-escalating, Phase I-II trial of lycopene supplementation. Six consecutive cohorts of 6 patients each received daily supplementation with 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 mg/day for 1 year. The serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and plasma levels of lycopene were measured at baseline and every 3 months. The primary endpoints were PSA response (defined as a 50% decrease in serum PSA from baseline), pharmacokinetics, and the toxicity/tolerability of this regimen. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74 years (range 56 to 83), with a median serum PSA at entry of 4.4 ng/mL (range 0.8 to 24.9). No serum PSA responses were observed, and 37% of patients had PSA progression. The median time to progression was not reached. Toxicity was mild, with 1 patient discontinuing therapy because of diarrhea. Significant elevations of plasma lycopene were noted at 3 months and then appeared to plateau for all six dose levels. The plasma levels for doses between 15 and 90 mg/day were similar, with additional elevation only at 120 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: Lycopene supplementation in men with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer is safe and well tolerated. The plasma levels of lycopene were similar for a wide dose range (15 to 90 mg/day) and plateaued by 3 months. Lycopene supplementation at the doses used in this study did not result in any discernible response in serum PSA. |
RCT | N PSA levels |
(+) ↑ plasma [lyco] |
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| Cancer: prostate | Bunker CH | A randomized trial of lycopene supplementation in Tobago men with high prostate cancer risk. Bunker CH, McDonald AC, Evans RW, de la Rosa N, Boumosleh JM, Patrick AL. Nutr Cancer. 2007;57(2):130-7. |
2007 | This unblinded, randomized, Phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine whether lycopene supplementation lowered serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), surrogate endpoint for prostate cancer initiation or progression, in men with elevated prostate cancer risk. Afro-Caribbean men (n=81) with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, atypical foci or repeated non-cancerous biopsies, ascertained in a population-based screening program, were randomized to four months intervention with 30 mg/day lycopene (Lyc-O-Mato) plus a multivitamin, or to multivitamin, only. Serum PSA and lycopene were compared at randomization, 1, and 4 mo using two-sided chi2 and t-tests for independent samples. Treatment groups were similar at baseline. Serum lycopene levels approximately doubled in the lycopene intervention group. Serum PSA declined during the first month of treatment, but returned to randomization level by month 4. The PSA response was nearly identical in both treatment groups. No adverse effects attributed to lycopene supplementation were documented. We conclude that the PSA lowering response to antioxidant supplementation observed in previous 3-wk studies in men awaiting prostatectomy may have been a transient response, perhaps not specific to lycopene. Lowering of serum PSA may not be an appropriate endpoint for the long-term studies needed to evaluate lycopene supplementation for reducing prostate cancer initiation or progression. | RCT | N PSA levels |
(+) 2x↑ serum [lyco] with supp |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: prostate | Vaishampayan U | Lycopene and soy isoflavones in the treatment of prostate cancer. Vaishampayan U, Hussain M, Banerjee M, Seren S, Sarkar FH, Fontana J, Forman JD, Cher ML, Powell I, Pontes JE, Kucuk O. Nutr Cancer. 2007;59(1):1-7. |
2007 | Dietary intake of lycopene and soy has been associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. In vitro studies with lycopene and genistein, a soy isoflavone, have shown induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC3 and VeCaP) prostate cancer cell lines. In a previous Phase II clinical trial in prostate cancer patients, we observed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) stabilization with soy isoflavone intake. In this Phase II clinical trial, we investigated the efficacy of lycopene alone or in combination with soy isoflavones on serum PSA levels in men with prostate cancer. To be eligible for the study, men with prostate cancer had to have rising serum PSA following local therapy or while on hormone therapy. Study population included 71 eligible patients who had 3 successive rising PSA levels or a minimum PSA of 10 ng/ml at 2 successive evaluations prior to starting therapy. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a tomato extract capsule containing 15 mg of lycopene alone (n = 38) or together with a capsule containing 40 mg of a soy isoflavone mixture (n = 33) twice daily orally for a maximum of 6 mo. One patient on the lycopene arm did not receive therapy due to his inability to ingest the study pill. There was no decline in serum PSA in either group qualifying for a partial or complete response. However, 35 of 37 (95%) evaluable patients in the lycopene group and 22 of 33 (67%) evaluable patients in the lycopene plus soy isoflavone group achieved stable disease described as stabilization in serum PSA level. The data suggest that lycopene and soy isoflavones have activity in prostate cancer patients with PSA relapse disease and may delay progression of both hormone-refractory and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. However, there may not be an additive effect between the 2 compounds when taken together. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the efficacy of lycopene and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer as well as the mechanism of potential negative interaction between them. | RCT | N (-) |
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| Cancer: prostate | Schwarz S | Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Schwarz S, ObermÃllerJevic UC, Hellmis E, Koch W, Jacobi G, Biesalski HK. J Nutr. 2008 Jan;138(1):49-53. |
2008 | Lycopene is a promising nutritional component for chemoprevention of prostate cancer (PCa). A possibly beneficial role of lycopene in patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), who are at increased risk of developing PCa, has been suggested, although clinical data are lacking. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation in elderly men diagnosed with BPH. A total of 40 patients with histologically proven BPH free of PCa were randomized to receive either lycopene at a dose of 15 mg/d or placebo for 6 mo. The effects of the intervention on carotenoid status, clinical diagnostic markers of prostate proliferation, and symptoms of the disease were assessed. The primary endpoint of the study was the inhibition or reduction of increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The 6-mo lycopene supplementation decreased PSA levels in men (P < 0.05), whereas there was no change in the placebo group. The plasma lycopene concentration increased in the group taking lycopene (P < 0.0001) but other plasma carotenoids were not affected. Whereas progression of prostate enlargement occurred in the placebo group as assessed by trans-rectal ultrasonography (P < 0.05) and digital rectal examination (P < 0.01), the prostate did not enlarge in the lycopene group. Symptoms of the disease, as assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire, were improved in both groups with a significantly greater effect in men taking lycopene supplements. In conclusion, lycopene inhibited progression of BPH. | RCT | (-) ↓ PSA |
(+) ↑ plasma [lyco] ↓ BPH progressi on |
| Disease type |
First Author |
Study Title and Complete Citation |
Date | Abstract | Study Type |
G.Tom +, N, |
P.Tom +, N, |
F.Tom +, N, - |
Lyco +, N, |
Other +, N, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer: prostate | Bemis DL | Lycopene inhibits DNA synthesis in primary prostate epithelial cells in vitro and its administration is associated with a reduced prostate-specific antigen velocity in a phase II clinical study. Barber NJ, Zhang X, Zhu G, Pramanik R, Barber JA, Martin FL, Morris JD, Muir GH. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2006;9(4):407-13. Epub 2006 Sep 19. |
2006 | Interest in lycopene has focused primarily on its use in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer (CaP); there are few clinical trials involving men with established disease. In addition, most data examining its mechanism of action have been obtained from experiments using immortal cell lines. We report the inhibitory effect(s) of lycopene in primary prostate epithelial cell (PEC) cultures, and the results of a pilot phase II clinical study investigating whole-tomato lycopene supplementation on the behavior of established CaP, demonstrating a significant and maintained effect on prostate-specific antigen velocity over 1 year. These data reinforce the justification for a large, randomized, placebo-controlled study. | RCT and cell culture | (-) inhibitory effect on primary prostate epithelial cell cultures |
(-) stable PSA |
